Filtration

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 87. Chapters: Filters, Desalination, Filter paper, Dust collector, Activated carbon, Fouling, Reverse osmosis, Respirator, Clarification and stabilization of wine, Artificial membrane, Diesel particulate filter, History of water filters, Cleanroom, Electrostatic precipitator, HEPA, Oil filter, Air filter, Cigarette filter, Cross-flow filtration, Electrofiltration, Cloth filter, Extractor hood, Hydrocyclone, Sheath current filter, Molecular sieve, Spiral separator, Microfiltration, Coffee filter, Carbon filtering, Semipermeable membrane, Nanofiltration, Fram, VSEP, Agitated Nutsche Filter, Dialysis tubing, Activated alumina, Filter press, Fuel filter, Thin film composite membrane, Mesh, Pneumatic filter, Belt filter, K&N Engineering, Inc., Clean Air Delivery Rate, Pop filter, Ultrafiltration, Stainless steel strainer, Chill filtering, Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value, Chamberland filter, Pocket filter, Sintered polyethylene, Screen filter, Sand separator, ULPA, Colander, FED-STD-209E, Filter cake, Non-Filter, Nucleopore filter, Impingement filter, Oil bath, Restricted-access barrier system, Air shower, Depth filter, HEGA, Air-to-cloth ratio, Mated colander pot, Disk filter, Cellulose ester membrane. Excerpt: Desalination, desalinization, or desalinisation refers to any of several processes that remove some amount of salt and other minerals from water. More generally, desalination may also refer to the removal of salts and minerals, as in soil desalination. Water is desalinated in order to convert salt water to fresh water so it is suitable for human consumption or irrigation. Sometimes the process produces table salt as a by-product. Desalination is used on many seagoing ships and submarines. Most of the modern interest in desalination is focused on developing cost-effective ways of providing fresh water for human use in regions where the availability of fresh water is, or is becoming, limited. Large-scale desalination typically uses extremely large amounts of energy as well as specialized, expensive infrastructure, making it very costly compared to the use of fresh water from rivers or groundwater. However, along with recycled water this is one of the only non-rainfall dependent water sources particularly relevant to countries like Australia which traditionally have relied on rainfall in dams to provide their drinking water supplies. The world's largest desalination plant is the Jebel Ali Desalination Plant (Phase 2) in the United Arab Emirates. It is a dual-purpose facility that uses multi-stage flash distillation and is capable of producing 300 million cubic metres of water per year. By comparison the largest desalination plant in the United States is located in Tampa Bay, Florida and operated by Tampa Bay Water, which began desalinating 34.7 million cubic meters of water per year in December 2007. The Tampa Bay plant runs at around 12% the output of the Jebel Ali Desalination Plants. A January 17, 2008, article in the Wall Street Journal states, "World-wide, 13,080 desalination plants produce more than 12 billion gallons of water a day, according to the International Desalination Association." Schematic of a multi-stage flash desalinatorA ¿ Steam inB ¿ Seawater inC