Flame Retardants

This book focuses on the chemistry and applications of flame retardants for polymers and other materials. It starts with a description and types of flame retardants, as well as their properties and chemical structures, to include chlorine- and bromine-containing flame retardants, phosphorus-based flame retardants, nitrogen-based flame retardants, and silicones. Inorganic materials that serve as flame retardants, such as boron-based additives, graphenes, and others are discussed in detail. In addition, the following subjects are discussed in detail: * Flame retardant polymers * The mechanisms of flame retardants, such as flame cooling, synergetic effects, degradation of flame retardants, and others * Other flame retardant compositions, such as dripping inhibitors and smoke suppressants * Testing methods for flame retardants, international standards, human health hazards, such as smoke toxicity and problems with wastes * Synthesis and fabrication methods, as well as recycling methods * The application of flame retardants to the coating material using 3D printing, reactive coating, and bulk addition methods * Non-burning comonomers, foams, nanocomposites and bio-based materials * Flame retardants with other textiles, such as wool and electrical applications such as batteries