Nonconformity, Dissent, Opposition, and Resistance in Germany, 1933-1990

This book contrasts three very different incarnations of Germany - the totalitarian Third Reich, the communist German Democratic Republic, and the democratic Federal Republic of Germany up to 1990 - in terms of their experiences with and responses to nonconformity, dissent, opposition, and resistance and the role played by those factors in each case.  Although even innocent nonconformity came with a price in all three systems and in the post-war occupation zones, the price was the highest in Nazi Germany.  . It is worth stressing that what qualifies as nonconformity and dissent depends on the social and political context and, thus, changes over time.  Like those in active dissent, opposition, or resistance, nonconformists are rebels (whether they are conscious of it or not), and have repeatedly played a role in pushing for change, whether through reform of legislation, transformation of the public's attitudes, or even regime change.

Sabrina P. Ramet is Professor Emerita at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim, Norway.  She is the author of 14 previous books, including The Catholic Church in Polish History:  From 966 to the Present (Palgrave, 2017), and Alternatives to Democracy in Twentieth-Century Europe: Collectivist Visions of Modernity (2019).