Shell Theorem Precludes Singularities Forming

Academic Paper from the year 2022 in the subject Physics - Astronomy, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: By applying Newtonian physics, it can be shown that a singularity cannot form inside a Black Hole (BH) or anywhere in the universe. Currently, BHs are theorized inside BHs; however, these theories ignore Newton's Shell Theorem. By applying General Relativity and an incorrect maths model wherein all mass is treated as being at the centre of a mass, the gravitational field approaches infinity. Treating the mass as being at the centre of a spherical mass is only correct outside the mass body. Newton's second theorem describes the gravitational field inside a spherical mass, which is zero at its centre rather than approaching infinity. BHs with a singularity is predicted to trap photons; however, photons can escape a BH with an increase in wavelength. Radio stars may be the result wherein all visible photon wavelengths have been shifted outside the visible region, making the BH appear black. The gravitational mass does bend the photon's path, causing some oblique photons to orbit a BH.

Born 1943. Graduated 1968 with Physics Degree from Fresno State College. First occupation (drafted) Naval Ship Weapons System at Port Hueneme. Work history four years GTE Optics group in Mountain View, then went to Palo Alto Research Center (PARL) in Palo Alto which changed its name to Advanced Test Center. A laboratory for Lockheed. Most of my career has been in optics and lasers. I specialized in integration for new systems that were considered red programs. Notable were Startracker, BSTS demonstration, MKV, integration of turret for Airborne Laser, and classified programs.