The eye is a sensitive and vital organ in the human body, so it is imperative to research it thoroughly. This book goes over how ancient civilizations observed and examined the eye. We dissect the eye¿s anatomy and look at its complex biochemistry, including proteins, enzymes, lipids, hormones, vitamins, and immunity. We overview some diseases and disorders that affect the eye and their treatment with medication and surgery. The effectiveness of some of these treatments and drug delivery methods is hindered by the nature of the eye's anatomy and physiology. The biophysical applications can improve eye treatment and surgery, including lasers and visual evoked potential. Nanotechnology also has the potential and capability to overcome some of the obstacles that exist with drug delivery and enhance contact lenses and regenerative ophthalmology.