The History of Cybercrime

This book presents the history of computer crime and cybercrime from the very beginning with punch cards, to the current data in the clouds and the Internet of Things (IoT). Today the technological development of social media, such as Google, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and more, have been so rapid and the impact on society so fast and enormous, that codes of ethics, and public sentiments of justice implemented in criminal legislations, have not kept pace. Conducts in social media need a better protection by criminal laws. But with the reluctance in developing similar responses in international laws or guidelines, we must ask ourselves if we once again may be in a similar situation as the US Senator Ribicoff focused on in 1977 when he launched the first Computer Crime Bill. Cyber attacks against critical information infrastructures of sovereign States, must necessitate a response for global solutions. Most of the judges and lawyers around the world from a professional judicial point of view, would agree with the former US prosecutor Benjamin B. Ferencz in his statement: 'There can be no peace without justice, no justice without law and no meaningful law without a Court to decide what is just and lawful under any given circumstances.' The judiciary is one of the three powers of any democratic state. Its mission is to guarantee the very existence of the Rule of Law and thus, to ensure the proper application of the law in an impartial, just, fair, and efficient manner. This basic principle must also be valid for Cyberspace at the international level. The book presents a draft United Nations treaty on 'A Third Pillar for Cyberspace - An International Court or Tribunal for Cyberspace.' Another draft United Nations Treaty is presented on combating online child sexual abuse. The United Nations Declarations and principles for the protection of individual and human rights are fundamental rights also in Cyberspace. The same rights that people have offline must also be protected online.

Judge Stein Schjolberg was appointed as a Judge in 1984, as a Chief Judge in 1989- 2010, and as an extraordinary Court of Appeal Judge in 2010 until he retired in 2013. He served as a prosecutor and Ass. Commissioner of Police in Oslo, Norway, until 1984. Judge Schjolberg is one of the founders of the global harmonization of computer crime legislation. He was a Fulbright Scholar at Stanford Research Institute (SRI International) in 1981-82. In cooperation with INTERPOL he organized the First INTERPOL Training Seminar for Investigators of Computer Crime in Paris, 1981. He was appointed by the National Center for State Courts, United States, as a member of the International Think Tank on Global Court Technology in 1999-2001. Judge Schjolberg has served as an expert on cybercrime for several international institutions. Judge Schjolberg was in 2007-2008 appointed as the chairman of the global High- Level Experts Group (HLEG) on cybersecurity by ITU in Geneva, including almost 100 experts from around the world. He was awarded the ITU Silver Medal in recognition of his contribution. Judge Schjolberg was the chair of the EastWest Institute Cybercrime Legal Working Group (2010-2013), and a member of World Economic Forum´s - Partnering for Cyber Resilience project (2012-2013). Judge Schjolberg is the chair of the International Think Tank on Justice, Peace and Security in Cyberspace (2013-). He has in 2014 made proposals for United Nations treaties on an International Criminal Court or Tribunal for Cyberspace, and on combating online child sexual abuse. He has been a speaker at several international conferences, including the INTERPOLEuropol Cybercrime Conference, Singapore October 1-3, 2014.