Practicing urologists and leading specialists summarize the optimal management of urgent and emergent urological conditions, so that physicians with limited urological training can take advantage of the incredible improvements in the management of acute urological problems. Up-to-date, evidence-based descriptions of the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches cover a wide variety of conditions ranging from traumatic, infectious, and obstructive to hemorrhagic, iatrogenic, vascular, and congenital urological emergencies. The authors review relevant pathophysiological background and epidemiology, recommend necessary diagnostic testing, and provide detailed medical, surgical, and endourological management approaches.